What is an EPC?
An Energy Performance Certificate, or EPC, is an official document that rates the energy efficiency of a property on a scale from A to G, where A is the most efficient and G the least. It also includes a recommendation report suggesting improvements that could raise the rating.
When do you need an EPC?
You need a valid EPC whenever you sell, let, or construct a building. This applies to almost all residential and commercial properties in England, Wales, and Scotland. There are a small number of exemptions (listed buildings, places of worship, and temporary structures among them), but for the vast majority of properties, an EPC assessment is a legal requirement before marketing.
How long does an EPC last?
An EPC is valid for 10 years from the date of issue. You don’t need a new one within that period unless significant energy-related works have been carried out that would materially affect the rating.
What does the assessment involve?
A qualified energy assessor visits the property and inspects its energy-related features: insulation, heating systems, windows, lighting, and building fabric. The visit typically takes between 45 minutes and 3 hours depending on the size and complexity of the property. The certificate is usually issued within 48 hours.
What is the minimum rating required to let a property?
Under MEES Compliance regulations, rented properties must currently achieve a minimum E rating to be legally let. Domestic rented homes must reach EPC C by 1 October 2030, and larger commercial buildings over 1,000m² are set to require EPC B by 2031. Landlords with properties below the minimum rating must either carry out improvement works or apply for a valid exemption.
What are the penalties for not having an EPC?
Letting a residential property without a valid EPC can result in a fine of up to £5,000. For commercial properties, fines can reach £150,000 depending on the property value and the duration of non-compliance.
How much does an EPC cost?
Domestic EPCs typically cost between £75 and £120 depending on property size and location. Commercial EPCs range from around £150 for smaller properties to £500 or more for larger or more complex buildings.